Corruption: towards a new approach to classification

Abstract

This paper examines definitions and typologies of corruption by proposing a more pragmatic approach to classification. This reading is of singular importance given the abundance of existing definitions and typologies and the difficulties this creates in terms of measuring corrupt activities but also in terms of strategies to fight and prevent them.

I first provide an analytical exercise on the definitions of corruption from the most normative to the non-normative. I then present the different typologies of corruption as described in the literature, showing their limitations, and I present new typologies based on a more pragmatic approach and more specific to different sectors, actors, contexts and resources.

 Based on the results obtained, it seems that the classical approach of classifying corruption cannot suffice as a single analytical framework, especially after the mixed record of anti-corruption measures. The new analytical frameworks that have been developed, notably the TASP (Types, Activities, Sectors, Places) analysis and the pragmatic approach based on the typological framework distinguishing corruption in four areas: legislation, contracts, employment and services, should constitute relevant analytical tools for more targeted and effective anti-corruption strategies.

JEL Classification: B52, D73

Paper type: Theoretical Research