Digitalisation et Performance des Entreprises : Analyse Bibliométrique des Tendances, Biais et Lacunes de Recherche (2010-2024)

Abstract

Digitalization is profoundly transforming businesses, but its impact varies depending on size and sector. This bibliometric analysis reviews 4,014 articles from the Scopus database, published between 2010 and 2024, to identify trends, biases, and gaps in digitalization research and its impact on performance. The results show that 87% of studies focus on large enterprises, leaving SMEs underrepresented. Additionally, 82% of publications prioritize financial indicators, while neglecting social and environmental dimensions that are essential for sustainable digital transformation.

The analysis reveals a significant increase in publications since 2020, with a growing diversity of themes, particularly in artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, and ESG criteria. VOSviewer and Biblioshiny were used to identify academic collaborations and research clusters. However, studies remain geographically imbalanced, with less than 5% of research focusing on emerging economies, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa.

The results also show a concentration of research in the financial and industrial sectors, while other fields such as education, agriculture, healthcare, and manufacturing SMEs are understudied. An emerging trend is sustainable digitalization, incorporating technologies like blockchain and artificial intelligence, yet these dimensions remain marginal in academic literature.

This study highlights the need for a more inclusive and interdisciplinary approach, integrating SMEs, emerging economies, and social and environmental impacts. The findings also underscore the importance of public policies in reducing inequalities in access to digital technologies.

Keywords : Digitalisation, digital transformation, artificial intelligence, SMEs, bibliometrics.

JEL Classification: O32

Paper type: Theoretical Research