The determinants of the financing decision for agricultural farms by banks and microfinance institutions

Abstract

This study aims to identify the determining factors in the decision-making process of financial institutions (FIs) regarding the granting or refusal of agricultural credit in Benin. A quantitative study was conducted between April 2021 and May 2022 to collect data from 52 representatives of FIs, such as agencies or branches of decentralized financial systems, located in the municipalities of Banikoara, Savalou, and Klouékanmè.

The results show that 65% of the FIs granting agricultural credits are located in villages, hence close to agricultural operations. In contrast, 21% are located in districts, and 12.5% are situated in municipalities. The proximity of FIs to agricultural operations is a determining factor in their decision to grant agricultural credit.

However, only 25% of the FIs granting agricultural credits have significant experience in agricultural financing. Additionally, more than half of the FIs (approximately 68.75%) grant agricultural credits to applicants who also engage in non-agricultural income-generating activities. The analysis of risks related to agricultural production, particularly climate risks and crop pests, also plays a crucial role in the decision-making process of FIs. Indeed, the majority of them (93.75%) assess the likelihood of these risks occurring before granting agricultural credit. Approximately 43% of the FIs granting agricultural credits prioritize material guarantees.

In light of these results, it is recommended that FIs adopt an integrated analysis process, supported by advanced digital tools and diversified expertise. This would not only improve risk management but also optimize the profitability of agricultural credits, thereby facilitating greater involvement of FIs in financing the agricultural sector.

Keywords: Bank, microfinance, credit, agriculture, risk.

JEL Classification : G21

Paper type: Empirical research