Morocco on the right track to become an energy power

Abstract

Renewable energies are a sustainable, unlimited and carbon-free solution to face the future of energy challenges. In this context, Morocco has a considerable asset to position itself on this promising market. In addition, renewable energies have been highlighted as a key strategic element source of green growth in the country. The Kingdom of Morocco, which has neither oil nor gas, turned to renewable energies as early as 1960, giving priority to hydroelectricity and the construction of dams. However, most of the country's power plants were and remain powered  by diesel or gas, which has a heavy impact on its export balance payments. Since then, the demand for electricity has continued to grow since the development of the country, on the one hand, and the use of desalination facilities, on the other hand, which consume a lot of electricity, to meet the needs of drinking water in constant increase. Morocco has adopted the path of renewable energies through a strategy focused on the development of solar, wind and hydropower to boost its political energy by adapting it to the challenges posed by today's world. The main objective of this article, which through a qualitative and explicit systematic review, tries to select, extract and evaluate the study of a scenario for 2030 and analyze the relevant data from the studies included in the review for the Moroccan electricity system in order to identify the challenges to be met to make energy both an instrument of growth and competitiveness for Morocco and to achieve a possible export of this green energy to Europe. Renewable energies have become a project of reign which should give hope to emerging economies deprived of fossil energy, in search of sustainable development.

Keywords: Renewable energy, solar, wind and hydroelectric energy, growth.

JEL Classification: L72, O44, P18

Paper type : Theoretical Research